Abstract：Increasing，transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are being used to monitor hemodynamics in critically ill patients.Among patients with life-threatening illnesses such as sepsis，respiratory failure，congestive heart failure (CHF)，shock，traumatic injuries as well as patients with signi-cant respiratory and cardiac diseases undergoing noncardiac surgery and high-risk noncardiac procedures，TTE and TEE play an important role in monitoring and decision making.Echocardiography has the advantages of portability，noninvasive，reproducibility.Particularly,it can be performed at the bed-side for avoiding patients' displacements，and can provide real-time transcendental information for vital decisions.With the application of echocardiography in clinical，many studies have confirmed its value of the diagnosis，the evaluation of treatment，and the advantage of repeated monitoring of hemodynamics.
杨晶晶 张梅 张运. 超声心动图在急危重症中临床应用的研究进展[J]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2017, 5(3): 149-153.
Yang Jingjing，Zhang Mei，Zhang Yun. Research progress on the clinical application of echocardiography in acute and critical diseases. zhzdx, 2017, 5(3): 149-153.
